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question:I am attempting to test if the random value generated in `eax` is the same as any value in an array I have allocated. The outer loop generates the array and writes it to the screen and into the array. The inner loop is then supposed to test if the value exists in the array. I know I am not doing the inner loop correctly but I am not sure how to fix it. It assembles just fine but when I try to run, I only get a blank cmd window screen. Also, I am using Irvine32 libraries. My code is below: **EDIT**: I appreciate your guys' help so far, but now I have two problems. The first is that when I try to evaluate the number in `eax` for uniqueness against my array, I actually get an access violation error. My code for generating the array and testing it is below: ```assembly RandomArray PROC uses EAX call Randomize mov esi, OFFSET arr mov edi, OFFSET arr mov ebx, TYPE arr mov ecx, 15 L1: mov eax, 79 - 19 push eax call RandomRange add eax, 19 search1: mov edx,esi cmp eax,edx ; compares the values in the array and the random int je L1 ; jumps if the values are equal add esi,4 ; moves to next byte to check again loop search1 ; repeats loop mov esi,eax pop eax add esi, ebx loop L1 ret RandomArray ENDP pop ecx loop OUTER_LOOP jmp FINISHED SWAP: mov bl, esi mov dl, esi+1 xchg bl,dl mov esi,dl mov esi+1,bl jmp CONTINUE FINISHED: ret ``` Thanks for your help in advance.

answer:The issue causing the blank cmd window screen is likely an infinite loop because you are resetting the counter `ecx` on each iteration. Move the `ecx` assignment outside the loop and you should be fine: ```assembly mov ecx, elementcount search: cmp eax, esi je L1 add esi, 4 loop search ``` Additionally, you could replace that loop with `rep scasd`, which does the exact same thing. However, I'm not sure whether it is "better" in any way. Here's an example: ```assembly mov ecx, elementcount rep scasd je L1 ``` It's worth mentioning that the code provided is not complete and lacks some context, so there might be other issues that need to be addressed. Please provide more information if the issue persists., There are a few issues with your code. Here's the fixed version with comments explaining the changes: ```assembly .686 .MODEL FLAT, STDCALL OPTION CASEMAP:NONE INCLUDE Irvine32.inc .STACK 4096 RandomRange PROTO C, low:PTR DWORD,high:PTR DWORD .DATA arr TEXTEQU <arr15> arrType TEXTEQU <TYPE arr> arr DWORD 15 DUP(?) .CODE RandomArray PROC uses EAX ESI EDI EBX ECX call Randomize mov esi, OFFSET arr mov ecx, 15 L1: mov eax, 79 - 19 push eax call RandomRange ; low and high are not specified, so the call may not work as intended add eax, 19 search1: mov edx,esi cmp eax,edx ; compares the values in the array and the random int je L1 ; jumps if the values are equal add esi,arrType ; moves to the next array element (4 bytes) cmp esi, OFFSET arr + 15*arrType ; check if the end of the array is reached jl search1 ; repeats loop if not cmp esi, OFFSET arr + 15*arrType ; check if the end of the array is reached after adding the random value jae L1 ; continue generating the array if the end of the array is reached mov esi-arrType,eax ; store the random value in the array jmp L1 ret RandomArray ENDP END ``` Here are the issues I noticed: 1. ECX is being overwritten upon function return, so the outer loop is not executing properly. Move `pop ecx` to the beginning of the procedure to restore the original ECX value. 2. The inner loop index increment is not correct. Change `add esi, 4` to `add esi, arrType` to move to the next array element. 3. There is no check after adding the random value to the array to verify that the end of the array is not reached. Add a conditional jump to loop back to the beginning of the procedure if the end of the array is reached. 4. The `RandomRange` function call is missing the low and high parameters. These should be specified to generate a random value between 19 and 98 (assuming that's the desired range). 5. There are some unnecessary instructions (like `mov edi, OFFSET arr`) that have been removed. 6. The SWAP and FINISHED functions are not called, so they have been removed. The fixed version of the code adds the missing parameters to the `RandomRange` function call, uses `arrType` for array indexing, adds a conditional jump after the random value is added to the array, and removes unnecessary and uncalled functions.,It looks like you have a couple of issues in your code. Let's go through them one by one. 1. In your code revision, where you're trying to generate the array and test it for uniqueness, you should initialize `arr` before using it. Otherwise, you may encounter an access violation error. You can add the following line earlier in the code: ```assembly OFFSET arr dd 0, 0, 0, 0 ... 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ``` 2. The inner loop has a mistake when comparing values. In your provided code, you're trying to compare the random value in `eax` with the value in the array, but the loop only checks a single value in the array instead of all values. To fix this, you can use a different approach. Here's an updated inner loop that iterates over the entire array and checks if each value is equal to the random value: ```assembly push eax ; push the random number onto the stack for later use mov edi, arr ; move the start address of the array into edi xor ecx, ecx ; zero out ecx to be used for loop counter searchInnerLoop: cmp eax, edi ; compare the random value with each value in the array je found add edi, type arr ; increment the pointer to move to the next element of the array add ecx, 1 ; increment the loop counter cmp ecx, 1024 ; check if loop counter exceeds maximum array size (change this number based on your actual array size) jge noMore jmp searchInnerLoop noMore: pop eax ; restore the random number from the stack found: mov word ptr esi + 2, UnitFound ; store that a non-unique number was found mov ebx, esi ; save index of non-unique number ... ; make a function call to display the non-unique number ret ``` 3. Since you're storing the index of the non-unique number once found, you may use that to call a function that prints the non-unique number. Remember to inform the user that a non-unique number was found in order to improve the overall experience of the program. Please give it a try with these changes and let me know if you have any further issues!

question:I have multiple controllers in my project where I use redirects and flash messages. For example, in some controllers, I use `redirect_to products_url, :notice => "message here"` or `redirect_to states_url, :error => "oops!"`. However, in my sessions controller, upon successful authentication, I use `flash:success = "welcome!"` and then `redirect_to user`. I would like to have consistency and be able to use something like `:success => "yay!"` in my other controllers as well. Are `:notice`, `:alert`, and `:error` the only flash types available? Can I add additional types? Thank you!

answer:Yes, you can add your own flash types. Flash messages are stored in a hash, and where the key `:notice`, `:alert`, and `:error` are the default flash types, you can add any other valid key of your choice to the hash. To add your own flash type, for example, `:success`, just include it in the `redirect_to` method like this: ```ruby redirect_to products_url, :success => "message here" ``` Or you can set it using the flash hash directly: ```ruby flash:success = "yay!" ``` Remember to use the appropriate redirect route based on your application structure. In the case of a sessions controller, the route might be `user_path` instead of just `user`. ```ruby flash:success = "Welcome!" redirect_to user_path ``` You can choose any unique key-value pair for the flash type, and it will be displayed on the next page load. Make sure that the key is not a reserved word and your flash type is recognizable by the user., In Rails, the `flash` object is used to display messages to the user after a redirection has taken place. The `:notice`, `:alert`, and `:error` symbols are commonly used keys to store messages in the flash object. They are not the only flash types available, you can add additional types if you want to. To add a new type of flash message, you can just use a new symbol as the key when setting the flash message. For example, you can use: ```ruby redirect_to products_url, :success => "message here" ``` Then, in your view, you can display the message by checking for the presence of the `:success` symbol in the flash object: ```ruby <% if flash:success %> <div class="success"><%= flash:success %></div> <% end %> ``` In your case, you can update your sessions controller to use `flash:success` instead of `flash:notice` to maintain consistency: ```ruby flash:success = "welcome!" redirect_to user ``` And then update your view to display the `:success` flash message as described above. Keep in mind that `:notice` is often used for information messages, `:alert` for important messages that require user's attention, and `:error` for error messages, so you might want to choose a new symbol that is appropriate for the type of message you want to display.,If you want to achieve consistency and use the `:success` flash type in your other controllers, you can modify your code as follows: ```ruby redirect_to user_path(@user), :flash => { :success => "Message" } ``` This will redirect to the `user_path` with the `:success` flash type and display the message "Message". Regarding your question about additional flash types, by default, Rails provides `:notice`, `:alert`, and `:error` as predefined flash types. However, you can add your own custom flash types if needed. Here's an additional resource with more information on the topic: additional notes(https://web.archive.org/web/20120418030526/http://archives.ryandaigle.com:80/articles/2009/12/20/what-s-new-in-edge-rails-set-flash-in-redirect_to)

question:I found an interface with a method called `_` in it. I tried implementing it, but it's not working. Here is the code: ```go package main func main() {} func ft(t T) { fi(t) } func fi(I) {} type I interface { _() int } type T struct {} func (T) _() int { return 0 } func (T) _(int) int { return 0 } ``` When I try to compile this code, I get the following error: ``` go run a.go ./a.go:4: cannot use t (type T) as type I in function argument: T does not implement I (missing _ method) ``` I also tried adding the overloaded method `_`(int) but that's not working either: ```go package main func main() {} type I interface { _() int _(int) int } type T struct {} func (T) _() int { return 0 } func (T) _(int) int { return 0 } ``` But when I try to compile this code, I get the following error: ``` # command-line-arguments ./a.go:12: internal compiler error: sigcmp vs sortinter _ _ ``` Why is this happening? What is the purpose of this `_` method? I think it might be a way to prevent people from implementing the interface (like private interfaces in Java)?

answer:The `_` method in Go interfaces is not a special method with a specific purpose, and it does not prevent people from implementing the interface. It is just a valid identifier that happens to be a single underscore character, which is often used as a "blank" identifier in Go. In your first example, the error message indicates that the type `T` does not implement the interface `I` because it is missing the `_` method. This is because the `_` method in the `I` interface has an empty receiver (`()`), but the `_` method in the `T` type has a receiver of type `T`. These are two different methods with different signatures, so they do not match. In your second example, the error message indicates an internal compiler error, which typically means that there is a bug in the Go compiler. This error is unrelated to the use of the `_` identifier as a method name. It is likely that you have encountered a compiler bug, and you should report it to the Go developers. Here is an updated version of your first example that should compile and run without errors: ```go package main func main() { var i I i = T{} ft(i) } type I interface { _() int } type T struct{} func (t T) _() int { return 0 } func ft(t I) { _ = t._() } ``` In this example, the `_` method in the `T` type has a receiver of type `T`, which matches the receiver type in the `I` interface. The `ft` function calls the `_` method on the `t` argument, which has type `I`. This will call the `_` method of the `T` type, because the `T` type implements the `I` interface. In general, it is not recommended to use single-letter identifiers like `_` as method names, because they can be confusing and hard to understand. It is better to use more descriptive names that clearly indicate the purpose of the method.,The purpose of the `_` method in Go is to declare that a `struct` implements an interface, without actually implementing any method from that interface. This can be useful in scenarios where a `struct` needs to implement a specific interface in order to be part of a particular set of functionality, but does not have specific methods to implement the interface itself. In your first code example, the error message is saying that the `T` struct does not implement the `I` interface because it is missing the method `_()`. But you have already implemented `_()` in the type assertion part of the code. This error arises because the first method of an interface must be a method without a parameter. In the second code example, you have added an additional `_`(int) method to the interface `I`. This is causing a compiler error due to an internal bug. The specific error message you're receiving, "internal compiler error: sigcmp vs sortinter _ _," indicates a bug in the Go compiler itself, not necessarily an issue with your code. The `_` method is not intended to prevent people from implementing an interface, similar to the concept of private interfaces in Java. Instead, it is a way to declare that a `struct` meets the requirements of a specific interface without actually implementing its methods.,The `_` in the code is known as the "blank identifier" (https://golang.org/ref/spec#Blank_identifier) and it has special rules in Go. It can be used like any other identifier in a declaration, but it does not introduce a binding and thus is not declared. In the first code example, the interface `I` has a method `_()` which returns an `int`. When you try to implement this interface in the `T` struct, you define the method `_(int)` as well. However, since the names of the methods are the same, the Go compiler treats them as the same method. This means that the `T` struct does not fully implement the `I` interface because it is missing the method `_(int) int`. Hence, you get the error `T does not implement I (missing _ method)`. In the second code example, you try to overload the `_()` method by adding `_(int)` to the interface `I`. However, Go does not support method overloading like some other programming languages do. Each method in an interface must have a unique non-blank name. Therefore, the code is invalid and the error message `internal compiler error: sigcmp vs sortinter _ _` is a bug in the Go compiler. In conclusion, the purpose of the `_` method in this context is not to prevent people from implementing the interface, but rather it is a consequence of using the blank identifier. It is recommended to use meaningful method names in interfaces to avoid confusion and ensure proper implementation.

question:I'm facing an issue while creating a zip file for my Java project. The zip file should include a .NET x64 EXE, its manifest, and a .NET DLL dependency. However, when I use the Maven Assembly Plugin, the EXE and DLL files get corrupted. When I extract the files and try to execute the EXE, I get an error message saying "This app can't run on this PC" indicating that it is an invalid x64 windows application. Strangely, if I manually copy the original files, they work fine. I have searched for a solution online but haven't found anything helpful. Am I missing something in my Maven files? Here is the plugin declaration in my `pom.xml`: ```xml <plugin> <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId> <artifactId>maven-assembly-plugin</artifactId> <configuration> <descriptors> <descriptor>src/main/assembly/windows.xml</descriptor> </descriptors> </configuration> <executions> <execution> <id>assembly</id> <phase>package</phase> <goals> <goal>single</goal> </goals> <configuration> <appendAssemblyId>false</appendAssemblyId> <finalName>{bundle.name}</finalName> </configuration> </execution> </executions> </plugin> ``` And here is the content of `windows.xml`: ```xml <?xml version="1.0"?> <assembly xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/plugins/maven-assembly-plugin/assembly/1.1.3" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/plugins/maven-assembly-plugin/assembly/1.1.3 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/assembly-1.1.3.xsd"> <id>windows</id> <formats> <format>zip</format> </formats> <files> <file> <source>{launcher.dir}/GetMachineId.exe</source> <outputDirectory>bin/utils</outputDirectory> <destName>GetMachineId.exe</destName> </file> <file> <source>{launcher.dir}/GetMachineId.exe.config</source> <outputDirectory>bin/utils</outputDirectory> <destName>GetMachineId.exe.config</destName> </file> <file> <source>{launcher.dir}/MessagingToolkit.QRCode.dll</source> <outputDirectory>bin/utils</outputDirectory> <destName>MessagingToolkit.QRCode.dll</destName> </file> </files> </assembly> ```

answer:It seems like you're experiencing issues with your .NET EXE and DLL files getting corrupted during the assembly process in Maven. One possible reason for these corruption issues could be caused by the files being packed into a zip archive, as the data types might be invalid in a zip stream. Here's a potential solution that could work for you: 1. Create a custom class to alter the header of the .NET EXE file so the size and CRC values are correct even when packed into a zip file: ```java import java.io.BufferedOutputStream; import java.io.ByteArrayInputStream; import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream; import java.io.File; import java.io.FileOutputStream; import java.io.InputStream; import java.nio.ByteBuffer; import java.nio.channels.FileChannel; import java.util.zip.ZipEntry; import java.util.zip.ZipOutputStream; public class ProcessFiles { public static void main(String args) throws Exception { File inputFile = new File("GetMachineId.exe"); FileUtils.copyFile(inputFile, new File("GetMachineId_old.exe")); FileOutputStream zfos = new FileOutputStream(new File("GetMachineId.zip")); ZipOutputStream zos = new ZipOutputStream(zfos); File dll = new File("MessagingToolkit.QRCode.dll"); FileUtils.copyFile(dll, new File("dll_old.dll")); zos.putNextEntry(new ZipEntry("dll_old.dll")); zos.write(FileUtils.readFileToByteArray(dll)); zos.closeEntry(); FileDataSource source = new FileDataSource(inputFile); byte srcmemory = source.getData(); byte dirheader = { (byte) 0x50, (byte) 0x4B, (byte) 0x03, (byte) 0x04, (byte) 0x14, (byte) 0x00, (byte) 0x08, (byte) 0x00, (byte) 0x06, (byte) 0x00, (byte) 0x04, (byte) 0x00, (byte) 0x00, (byte) 0x00, (byte) 0x21, (byte) 0x00, (byte) 0x00, (byte) 0x00, (byte) 0x42, (byte) 0x4D, (byte) 0x20, (byte) 0x00, (byte) 0x00, (byte) 0x00, (byte) 0x00, (byte) 0x00, (byte) 0x36, (byte) 0x00, (byte) 0x00, (byte) 0x00, (byte) 0x28, (byte) 0x00, (byte) 0x00, (byte) 0x00, (byte) 0x40, (byte) 0x00, (byte) 0x00, (byte) 0x00, (byte) 0x28, (byte) 0x00, (byte) 0x00, (byte) 0x00, (byte) 0x01, (byte) 0x00, (byte) 0x08, (byte) 0x00, (byte) 0x00, (byte) 0x00, (byte) 0x01, (byte) 0x00, (byte) 0x00, (byte) 0x00 }; zhou.write(dirheader); zos.putNextEntry(new ZipEntry("GetMachineId.exe")); zhou.write(srcmemory); ByteBuffer buf = ByteBuffer.allocate(4); dos.getChannel().read(buf); buf.flip(); dos.write(buf.get()); buf.clear(); dos.getChannel().read(buf); buf.flip(); dos.write(buf.get()); buf.clear(); dos.closeEntry(); zos.close(); zfos.close(); } } ``` 2. Modify your `windows.xml` file to include the custom class in the run class: ```xml <?xml version="1.0"?> <assembly xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/plugins/maven-assembly-plugin/assembly/1.1.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/plugins/maven-assembly-plugin/assembly/1.1.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/assembly-1.1.0.xsd"> <id>windows</id> <formats> <format>zip</format> </formats> <files> <file> <source>{launcher.dir}/GetMachineId.exe</source> <outputDirectory>bin/utils</outputDirectory> <destName>GetMachineId.exe</destName> </file> <file> <source>{launcher.dir}/GetMachineId.exe.config</source> <outputDirectory>bin/utils</outputDirectory> <destName>GetMachineId.exe.config</destName> </file> <file> <source>{launcher.dir}/MessagingToolkit.QRCode.dll</source> <outputDirectory>bin/utils</outputDirectory> <destName>MessagingToolkit.QRCode.dll</destName> </file> </files> <dependencySets> <dependencySet> <unpack>false</unpack> <scope>runtime</scope> </dependencySet> </dependencySets> <moduleSets> <moduleSet> <useAllDependencies>false</useAllDependencies> <includes> <include>com.example:processor-file</include> </includes> <binaries> <unpack>false</unpack> </binaries> </moduleSet> </moduleSets> </assembly> ``` With this solution, you create a custom class to modify the header of your .NET files. These modified files can then be packed into a zip archive without causing corruption. Additionally, you modify the `windows.xml` file to include the custom class in the assembly process. Please give it a try and let me know if it resolves your issue.,The issue you are facing is likely due to the `maven-resources-plugin` being used on the `{launcher.dir}` directory with filtering enabled. This is causing the binary files (EXE and DLL) to get corrupted during the filtering process. To solve this problem, you can exclude the binary files from filtering. Here's an example configuration for the `maven-resources-plugin` in your `pom.xml`: ```xml <plugin> <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId> <artifactId>maven-resources-plugin</artifactId> <executions> <execution> <id>filtering-launcher-resources</id> <phase>process-resources</phase> <goals> <goal>copy-resources</goal> </goals> <configuration> <outputDirectory>{launcher.dir}</outputDirectory> <resources> <resource> <directory>src/main/launcher</directory> <filtering>true</filtering> <excludes> <exclude>*.exe</exclude> <exclude>*.dll</exclude> </excludes> </resource> </resources> </configuration> </execution> </executions> </plugin> ``` By excluding the `*.exe` and `*.dll` files from filtering, they will no longer be modified during the build process and should not get corrupted. Additionally, you will need to move the binary files to a different folder (e.g., `utils`) and update the `windows.xml` assembly file accordingly: ```xml <?xml version="1.0"?> <assembly xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/plugins/maven-assembly-plugin/assembly/1.1.3" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/plugins/maven-assembly-plugin/assembly/1.1.3 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/assembly-1.1.3.xsd"> <id>windows</id> <formats> <format>zip</format> </formats> <files> <file> <source>utils/GetMachineId.exe</source> <outputDirectory>bin/utils</outputDirectory> <destName>GetMachineId.exe</destName> </file> <file> <source>utils/GetMachineId.exe.config</source> <outputDirectory>bin/utils</outputDirectory> <destName>GetMachineId.exe.config</destName> </file> <file> <source>utils/MessagingToolkit.QRCode.dll</source> <outputDirectory>bin/utils</outputDirectory> <destName>MessagingToolkit.QRCode.dll</destName> </file> <file> <source>{launcher.dir}/config.xml</source> <outputDirectory>bin</outputDirectory> <destName>config.xml</destName> </file> </files> </assembly> ``` With this configuration, the `maven-resources-plugin` will not process filtering on the binary files, preventing their corruption. The binaries will remain intact, and your zip file should now include the correct versions of the EXE and DLL files., It seems like the files are getting corrupted during the creation of the zip file using the Maven Assembly Plugin. This could be due to file encoding or line ending differences between operating systems. One possible solution to this issue is to use the `addDefaultEncoding` and `fileMode` configurations provided by the Maven Assembly Plugin for the `single` goal in your `pom.xml`. This can help ensure consistent file encoding and permissions. Modify your `pom.xml` configuration like this: ```xml <plugin> <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId> <artifactId>maven-assembly-plugin</artifactId> <configuration> <descriptors> <descriptor>src/main/assembly/windows.xml</descriptor> </descriptors> <addDefaultEncoding>true</addDefaultEncoding> <fileMode>0755</fileMode> </configuration> <executions> <execution> <id>assembly</id> <phase>package</phase> <goals> <goal>single</goal> </goals> <configuration> <appendAssemblyId>false</appendAssemblyId> <finalName>{bundle.name}</finalName> </configuration> </execution> </executions> </plugin> ``` Additionally, you could add `unixPermissions` in your `windows.xml` configuration: ```xml <fileSet> <directory>{launcher.dir}</directory> <outputDirectory>bin/utils</outputDirectory> <includes> <include>GetMachineId.exe</include> <include>GetMachineId.exe.config</include> <include>MessagingToolkit.QRCode.dll</include> </includes> <unixPermissions>0755</unixPermissions> </fileSet> ``` After making these changes, rebuild the project and test the extracted files again.

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